Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Selvakumar ¹, S. Aravindh ¹, J. Ravichandran ², U. Kamachi Mudali ³, C. Anandbabu ⁴, Baldev Raj ⁵

Affiliations
1 Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, IN
3 Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, IN
4 Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, IN
5 PSG Institutions, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, IN

Abstract

In the present study, bioceramic was prepared by impregnating surface layer protein (S-layer) isolated from extremophilic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis NARW 02 onto sol-gel-derived titanium phosphate (TiP) ceramic. The prepared bioceramic was used for adsorption of uranium ions from aqueous solution and compared with control lacking S-layer protein. The distribution coefficient value of TiP and bioceramic for uranium adsorption was 100.65 and 432.48 ml/g respectively. This study indicates that the bacterial S-layer can be potentially used to enhance the adsorption efficiency of the ceramics used in separation of uranium from waste water.

Keywords

Bacillus licheniformis, Extremophilic Bacteria, Titanium Phosphate Ceramic, Uranium.

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S. Aravindh ¹, S. Karthikeyan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Steganography is the technique of hiding private or sensitive information within something that appears to be nothing out of the usual. Steganography in the modern day sense of the word usually refers to information or a file that has been concealed inside a digital Picture, Video or Audio file. Detecting the use of Steganography inside of a file is done by Steganalysis. It does not deal with trying to decrypt the hidden information inside of a file, just discovering it. The most common use of Steganography is to hide a file inside another file. Steganography is often confused with cryptology (cryptography) because the two are similar in the way that they both are used to protect important information. Cryptography is the study of hiding information, while Steganography deals with composing hidden messages so that only the sender and the receiver know that the message even exists. In cryptography the existence of the encrypted message is visible to the world. Due to this, Steganography removes the unwanted attention coming to the hidden message. If a person or many views the object that the information is hidden inside of, they will have no idea that there is any hidden information, therefore the person will not attempt to decrypt the information. In Steganography, when information or a file is hidden inside a carrier file, the data is usually encrypted with a password.

Keywords

Cryptography, Encryption, Steganalysis, Steganography.

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S. Aravindh ¹, S. Karthikeyan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Many physiological disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or injuries such as high-level spinal cord injury can disrupt the communication path between the brain and the body. People with severe motor disabilities may lose all voluntary muscle control, including eye movements. These people are forced to accept a reduced quality of life, resulting in dependence on caretakers and escalating social costs. Most of the existing assistive technology devices for these patients are not possible because these devices are dependent on motor activities specific parts of the body. Alternative control paradigms for these individuals are thus desirable.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has emerged as a new frontier in assistive technology (AT) since it could provide an alternative communication channel between a user‟s brain and the outside world. Other terms that are also used in the literature for referring to a BCI system include: brain interface (BI), direct brain interface (DBI), and brain machine interface (BMI).

A BCI system allows individuals with motor disabilities to control objects in their environments (such as a light switch in their room or television, wheelchairs, neural prosthesis and computers) using their brain signals only. This could be accomplished by measuring specific features of the user‟s brain activity that relate to his/her intent to perform the control. This specific type of brain activity is termed a “neurological phenomenon”.

BCI, is a communication system in which the brain does not use nerves to give orders to your body or to the world outside. "A BCI provides its user with an alternative method for acting on the world". Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a direct connection between computer(s) and the human brain. Currently research is being conducted the fields of neuroscience and neuroengineering regarding BCI and BMI. Using chips implanted against the brain that have hundreds of pins less than the width of a human hair protruding from them and penetrating the cerebral cortex, scientists are able to read the firings of hundreds of neurons in the brain.

Research on BCIs began in the 1970s, but it wasn't until the mid-1990s that the first working experimental implants in humans appeared. Following years of animal experimentation, early working implants in humans now exist, designed to restore damaged hearing, sight and movement.

Man-Machine interface has been one of the growing fields of research and development in recent years. Most of the effort has been dedicated to the design of user-friendly or ergonomic systems by means of innovative interfaces such as voice recognition, virtual reality. A direct brain-computer interface would add a new dimension to man-machine interaction. Interesting research work in this direction has been already initiated, motivated by the hope to create new communication channels for those with severe motor disabilities.

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